What is the multilateral control regime that governs "dual use" items?

The Wassenaar Arrangement is a key multilateral control regime that governs "dual use" items, which are goods and technologies that can be used for both civil and military applications. Established in 1996, the Wassenaar Arrangement includes 42 participating states and serves to promote transparency and greater responsibility in the transfer of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.

Through this framework, member countries share information about their export policies and practices related to dual-use items, ensuring that such transfers do not contribute to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or destabilizing military buildups. The Wassenaar Arrangement sets guidelines for the control of these items, detailing which goods and technologies require export licenses based on their potential use in military endeavors.

The other options, while related to export control efforts, either represent earlier or less comprehensive initiatives that do not specifically focus on the dual-use nature of items to the extent that the Wassenaar Arrangement does.