Who is responsible for issuing licenses associated with defense articles?

The Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) is the correct entity responsible for issuing licenses associated with defense articles. This organization operates under the U.S. Department of State and oversees the export and import of defense-related items, ensuring compliance with the Arms Export Control Act (AECA). It plays a crucial role in regulating defense trade and maintaining national security interests. The licenses it issues are essential for companies and individuals wishing to engage in activities involving defense articles, which include military equipment, technical data, and related services.

The other entities mentioned, such as the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), primarily manage dual-use items and technologies that can have both civilian and military applications, whereas the Department of Homeland Security focuses on immigration, cybersecurity, and emergency management, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) primarily handles domestic law enforcement and national security investigations. Thus, their functions do not directly pertain to the licensing of defense articles as specified by the DDTC.